1 .This success,coupled with later research showing that memory itself is notgenetically determined,led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is moreof a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.詞匯突破：cognitive認(rèn) 知 的（后天習(xí)得的）I ntuitive 先天的和以上這組單詞概念相同的表達(dá)還有：Nature先天；nurture后天；born;先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天習(xí)得；Determine 決定Coupled w ith相當(dāng)于and,想類似的表達(dá)還有along with;combinedwith 等主干識(shí)別：句子的主語(yǔ)是This success和later research；謂語(yǔ)是led;賓語(yǔ)是Ericsson;不定式短語(yǔ) to conclude 做狀語(yǔ)；主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：this success and laterresearch led Ericsson to conclude that.其他成分：在research后面接一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)，在這個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)中that引導(dǎo)的從句做showing的賓語(yǔ)；在不定式短語(yǔ)中that引導(dǎo)的從句做conclude的賓語(yǔ)；more.than結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯為與其說(shuō)，不如說(shuō)。

微觀解析：由于主語(yǔ)中的第二個(gè)并列成分比較長(zhǎng)，且是用兩個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開的，在閱讀的時(shí)候可以跳讀；把This success和動(dòng)詞led先連起來(lái)然后再來(lái)解析其他成分譯文賞析：這種成功和后來(lái)表明記憶本身并不是先天決定的研究使愛立信總結(jié)道，記憶的行為與其說(shuō)是一種先天的行為不如說(shuō)是一種習(xí)得的行為2.1t is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numericalpatterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets andphilosophers.詞匯突破：visualize想象Figure o u t發(fā)現(xiàn)和找出Suits使適合主干識(shí)別：句子主語(yǔ)是由how引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，it是句子的形式主語(yǔ)；句子主干為：How.is not obvious.在主語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是capacity,謂語(yǔ)是suits賓語(yǔ)是one;其他成分：狀語(yǔ)為tanswer主語(yǔ)后加上兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式做后置定語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞不定式中的賓語(yǔ)questions后面接一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

難點(diǎn)揭秘：這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，其中難點(diǎn)為需要識(shí)別出主語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞suits.譯文賞析：構(gòu)思物體和找出數(shù)字模型的能力是如何讓一個(gè)人去回答那些連最好的詩(shī)人和哲學(xué)家都回避的問題的，這點(diǎn)我們還不是很清楚3.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters,whether it s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.【詞匯突破】Toil through（辛苦的經(jīng)歷）名詞：Winston Churchill:Blood,Toil,Tears and Sweat”（丘吉爾演講）sweat and toil（汗水和辛苦）He succeeded after years of toil.（他經(jīng)歷數(shù)年的辛勞之后成功了）SA T美國(guó)高考全稱為scholastic assessment test學(xué)術(shù)性評(píng)估測(cè)試testify 證實(shí)matter這里是動(dòng)詞，重要；sth matters事情很重要；【主干識(shí)別】anyone為句子的主語(yǔ)，will testify為句子謂語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句；【其他成分】that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中test-taking skill為主語(yǔ)，matters做謂語(yǔ),whether引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句【譯文賞析】任何一個(gè)曾經(jīng)辛苦的經(jīng)歷過(guò)SAT考試的人都會(huì)證實(shí)考試的技巧也很重要，無(wú)論這種技巧是知道什么時(shí)候去猜還是知道什么問題應(yīng)該跳過(guò)。

造句 Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify thatcooperation matters,whether its individuals willingness to cooperate or team workspirit of a group.4.During the past generation,the American middle-class family that once couldcount on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has beentransformed by economic risk and new realities.【詞匯突破】count o n 依靠；fair play公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng) 主干識(shí)別】the American middle-class family has been transformed 主干是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)態(tài)；【其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itselffinancially secure 定語(yǔ)從句修飾 middle-class family；During the past generation和 by economic risk and new realities 做狀語(yǔ)；【微觀解析】the American middle-class family為句子主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是has beentransformed；During the past generation 和 by economic risk and new realities 為狀語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)為could count o n,賓語(yǔ)為 hard work and fair play；to keep itself financially secure 為狀語(yǔ)。

難點(diǎn)揭秘】主語(yǔ)后接了較長(zhǎng)的修飾成份使這個(gè)句子在閱讀時(shí)主干不容易把握造成理解的困難譯文賞析】在過(guò)去的20多年時(shí)間里，那些曾經(jīng)依靠辛勤工作和公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就可以保證自己財(cái)政收支安全的美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和新的現(xiàn)實(shí)所改變定語(yǔ)從句前置的翻譯方法來(lái)處理這個(gè)句子）5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy,such as steering theeconomy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes,makes it sound like a precisescience.Nothing could be further from the truth.【詞匯突破】steer指揮,控制precise精確的【主干識(shí)別】Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】used to describe monetary policy過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)修飾thelanguage；such as“steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on thebrakes”形容詞短語(yǔ)；形容詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)修飾the language0【難點(diǎn)揭秘】主語(yǔ)后接了較長(zhǎng)的修飾成份使這個(gè)句子在閱讀時(shí)主干不容易把握。

造成理解的困難譯文賞析】有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如 操縱經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸 或者 輕踩剎車，使貨幣政策聽起來(lái)像是一門精確的科學(xué)沒有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離實(shí)際情況的了但這些說(shuō)法是最不靠譜的，事情遠(yuǎn)非如此用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì)這與i cannt agree with you more 有異曲同工之妙）【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】第二個(gè)句子的翻譯中可以使用正話反說(shuō)的方法來(lái)進(jìn)行翻譯，在肯定和否定之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換可以參考下面的兩個(gè)例子：（1）An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself.機(jī)會(huì)難得2）Such things are of no rare occurrence.這些事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生作文】用于批駁對(duì)方的時(shí)候就可以用：Nothing could be further from thetruth.6.On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that theassisted suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whommodern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.【詞匯突破】agony痛苦despair 絕望prolong 延長(zhǎng)【主干識(shí)別】many acknowledge that+賓 語(yǔ) 從 句（many作為代詞表示很多人，或者很多個(gè)體）【其他成分】On another level做狀語(yǔ)和in the medical community做定語(yǔ)；theassisted suicide debate has been ueled by the despair of patients 為賓語(yǔ)從句主干；微觀解析 in part 賓語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)，for whom modern medicine has prolongedthe physical agony of dying.定語(yǔ)從句修飾patients;定語(yǔ)從句還原為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子就是：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them.這個(gè)句子中的them和前面句子中的patients為相同名詞，因此在這里作者將其寫成了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，但是在翻譯的時(shí)候是要分譯的。

這句話在定語(yǔ)從句的前世和今生：suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients.The modem medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them.（兩個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)了共有的名詞patients和 them,于是them被換成了 whom；forwhom 一并提前難點(diǎn)揭秘】同樣是隔離結(jié)構(gòu)在閱讀的過(guò)程中給我們帶來(lái)不舒服的感覺，in part放到了 fueled 和 by 之間，in the medical community 放 至！J 了 many 和acknowledge 之間譯文賞析】在另一個(gè)層面上，很多醫(yī)療界的人士承認(rèn)，關(guān)于醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺的討論，部分是因?yàn)椴∪说慕^望情緒，對(duì)病人來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)已經(jīng)延長(zhǎng)了死亡的生理的痛苦寫作】On another level,many in the educational establishment acknowledge thatthe debate on the ranking of universities has been fueled in part by the despair ofgraduates for whom the discrimination brought by the ranking of university has putmore obstacles on their job hunting way.7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially ona mathematical or laboratory training,and can be illustrated in terms of thedevelopment of geology in the United kingdom.【詞匯突破】illustrate例證；interm sof根據(jù)，以為依據(jù)；主干識(shí)別】The trend was most obvious and can be illustrated.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞【其他成分】naturally,in those areas of science,in terms of the development ofgeology in the United kingdom 為狀語(yǔ)。

微觀解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training 修飾狀語(yǔ)中的名詞science做定語(yǔ)難點(diǎn)揭秘】naturally和especially副詞做狀語(yǔ)放的位置都不是在開頭和結(jié)尾,而是放在了中間部分，這樣給我們閱讀帶來(lái)一定的困擾，但是難點(diǎn)既亮點(diǎn)，我們?cè)趯懽鞯倪^(guò)程中就可以靈活的運(yùn)用：based especially on這樣的表達(dá)了譯文賞析】很自然，這種趨勢(shì)會(huì)在尤以數(shù)學(xué)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的自然學(xué)科領(lǐng)域中表現(xiàn)的最為明顯，并且可以用英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)的發(fā)展作為例證來(lái)說(shuō)明翻譯點(diǎn)撥】把副詞放到開頭來(lái)翻譯，正是體現(xiàn)了前面所講到的副詞很多時(shí)候就是在修飾整個(gè)句子8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use ofineffectual and forced medical procedures“that may prolong and even dishonor theperiod of dying as the twin problems of end of life care.【詞匯突破】under treatment治療不足aggressive 1.侵略的，侵犯的2.好斗的，挑釁的3.有進(jìn)取精神的;有干勁 的 4.大膽的dishonor使丟臉，使受恥辱medical procedures 醫(yī)療手段【主干識(shí)另 ij】The report identifies.and.as the twin problems of end of life care主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)；the under treatment of pain 和 the aggressive use of ineffectualand forced medical procedures“that may prolong and even dishonor the period ofdying為并列的賓語(yǔ)成分。

微觀解析】that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying 為定語(yǔ)從句修飾 ineffectual and forced medical procedures,定語(yǔ)從句中有兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞prolong and dishonor 做謂語(yǔ)難點(diǎn)揭秘】這個(gè)句子的困難之處就在于并列賓語(yǔ)的后半部分加上了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)而使identify和 a s 之間的距離拉大，產(chǎn)生了閱讀障礙譯文賞析】報(bào)告把對(duì)疼痛處理不夠喝大膽使用可能延長(zhǎng)死亡期甚至讓病人死的不體面的無(wú)效的和強(qiáng)制的醫(yī)療手段確定為臨終關(guān)懷的兩個(gè)問題翻譯點(diǎn)撥】這個(gè)句子的翻譯主要考察對(duì)于詞的理解：dishonor the period ofdying直接翻譯就是:使死亡的階段受到恥辱可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為：讓病人死的不體面中文是習(xí)慣是以人為主體的還有就是medical procedures表示醫(yī)療手段而不要翻譯成醫(yī)療過(guò)程9.The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seemto the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly,but that is nonethelessthe case.【詞匯突破】inspired有激發(fā)性的establishment 機(jī)構(gòu)，建立nonetheless 但是case事實(shí)，實(shí)情 主干識(shí)別】The notion would seem merely silly.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】that learning should have in it an element of inspired play 同位語(yǔ)從句修飾 notion；主干為 that learning should have an element of inspired play,是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；in it 為狀語(yǔ)。

to the greater part of the academic establishment 狀語(yǔ)難點(diǎn)揭秘】這個(gè)句子的難點(diǎn)就是在主干中加入了狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句使句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜很多同學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)b u t和nonetheless連用感到困惑兩個(gè)句子之間是需要連詞連接的，but是連詞，起連接兩個(gè)句子的作用但是兩個(gè)句子之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并不是像but所表達(dá)的那樣強(qiáng)烈，前后兩句之間為“部分肯定”的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此使用nonetheless轉(zhuǎn)折副詞，表明轉(zhuǎn)折的意味并不強(qiáng)烈這里的but也可以換為and譯文賞析】大多數(shù)的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為在學(xué)習(xí)中加入有啟發(fā)性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是這樣的事情確實(shí)常常發(fā)生的翻譯點(diǎn)撥】把狀語(yǔ)翻譯為中文中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，我們也可以翻譯為：“對(duì)于大多數(shù)的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)而言”，但是翻譯為中文的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)更簡(jiǎn)潔，that is the case如果翻譯為這就是事實(shí)，沒有能表達(dá)出準(zhǔn)確的句意就正如邁克爾杰克遜的紀(jì)念電影this is i t我們翻譯為:就是這樣10.An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on thebehalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroomfor broader reasons of radical education reform.【詞匯突破】argue f o r支持argue against 反對(duì)on the behalf of=on behalf of 代表career prospects 就業(yè)前景radical徹底的，根本的，激進(jìn)的【主干識(shí)別】An invisible border divides those and those.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students5career prospects 和 arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons ofradical education reform現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)分別修飾兩個(gè)those作后置定語(yǔ)。

微觀解析arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of studentscareer prospects 相當(dāng)于 who argue for computers in the classroom on the behalf ofstudents5 career prospects【難點(diǎn)揭秘】divide those.and those在兩個(gè)those后面加上了很長(zhǎng)的修飾成分造成了結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別的困難譯文賞析】一條無(wú)形的界限將支持計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)課堂的人分為兩類：一類人是從學(xué)生的職業(yè)前景從發(fā)思考的，另一類人想的是像教育的徹底改革這樣的一些更廣泛的理由翻譯點(diǎn)撥】在翻譯的過(guò)程中，我們把a(bǔ)rguing for computers in the classroom放到了 those前作漢語(yǔ)中的前置定語(yǔ)再把過(guò)長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)部分單獨(dú)成句，這樣更符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣11.There is,as Robert Rubin,the treasury secretary,says,a disjunction”betweenthe mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picturereflected by the statistics.【詞匯突破】the treasury secretary財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)（美）anecdote軼聞，趣聞statistics數(shù) 據(jù)（還有一個(gè)我們不熟悉的意思：表格）picture情況，事態(tài)，局面，狀況，情形，形勢(shì) 主干識(shí)別】There is a disjunction.【其他成分】as Robert Rubin,the treasury secretary,says 插入語(yǔ)；between themass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picturereflected by the statistics 后置定語(yǔ)修飾 a disjunction.【微觀解析】between the mass of business anecdote and the picture;為定語(yǔ)的主體部分；that points to a leap in productivity 修飾 anecdote；reflected by the statistics修飾 statistics o【難點(diǎn)揭秘】由于插入語(yǔ)的加入，造成了對(duì)主干是別的難度，尤其是在betweenand結(jié)構(gòu)的識(shí)別中由于加入了定語(yǔ)從句使其難于理解。

譯文賞析】正如財(cái)長(zhǎng)魯賓所說(shuō)，在表明生產(chǎn)力飛躍發(fā)展的商業(yè)佚事和數(shù)據(jù)所反映的情況之間存在著脫節(jié)翻譯點(diǎn)撥】也可以把比較長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)部分單獨(dú)翻譯，這樣更符合中文的習(xí)慣：有大量表明生產(chǎn)力飛躍發(fā)展的商業(yè)佚事，但是財(cái)長(zhǎng)羅伯特魯 賓認(rèn)為現(xiàn)實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)表明的情況并不能支持這些傳奇12.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass（the amount of livingbiological matter）of fish species in particular parts of the ocean,but rather changesin that biomass over time.【詞匯突破】estimate估 量,評(píng)估not.but不是.而是【主干識(shí)別Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass butchanges.【其他成分】括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容對(duì)biomass進(jìn)行解釋和說(shuō)明；of species和 in particularparts of the ocean 做后置定語(yǔ)修飾 biomass,in that biomass over time 后置定語(yǔ)修飾 changes；【難點(diǎn)揭秘】estimate的賓語(yǔ)為the actual biomass和 changes的并列，并列連詞為b u t,在閱讀的過(guò)程中往往會(huì)由于長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)的分割而產(chǎn)生閱讀的障礙；【譯文賞析】他們的研究方法并不是想估計(jì)出某些特定地區(qū)的實(shí)際生物量（活的生物總量），而是估計(jì)出這些生物量隨著時(shí)間發(fā)生的變化。

翻譯點(diǎn)撥】多個(gè)定語(yǔ)在修飾著changes因此順序應(yīng)該做符合中文習(xí)慣的調(diào)整13.One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be notonly harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feelbetter.【詞匯突破】authority權(quán)威harness使.停止的意思；和 stop可以互換但是更加正式的表達(dá)；還有一個(gè)單詞是curb,這個(gè)單詞表示控制的意思相當(dāng)于control,原意是韁繩的意思，這個(gè)單詞為考研高頻詞conscious有意識(shí)的intensely powerful mental event 在原文中就等于 dreams;主干識(shí)別】one leading authority says that+賓語(yǔ)從句；（其他成分】賓語(yǔ)從句的主干是 these intensely powerful mental events can be notonly harnessed but actually brought under conscious control;并 歹 U 連詞 notonly.but also連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞 harnessed 和 brought；to help us sleep andfeel better為目的狀語(yǔ)【難點(diǎn)揭秘】動(dòng)詞的并列造成識(shí)別上的困難。

譯文賞析】而一名頂級(jí)權(quán)威認(rèn)為，這些極其強(qiáng)烈的大腦活動(dòng)不僅可以被抑制,實(shí)際上還可以受到意識(shí)的控制，進(jìn)而幫助我們睡眠，使我們感覺好一些14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility,they will have tooperate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions forthem-selves一goals that pose a real challenge.【詞匯突破】utility運(yùn)用supervision 監(jiān)管【主干識(shí)別 J they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions.并列的兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)由and連接；【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility 狀語(yǔ)；with less human supervision 狀語(yǔ)；at least 狀語(yǔ)；goals that pose a real challenge 整個(gè)句子的同位語(yǔ)。

微觀解析】同位語(yǔ)goals被定語(yǔ)從句修飾；【難點(diǎn)揭秘】動(dòng)詞的并列，狀語(yǔ)的隔離；同位語(yǔ)的識(shí)別需要關(guān)注譯文賞析】但是如果機(jī)器人能在下一個(gè)階段達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的運(yùn)用，它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作，而且還要至少能夠自己做出兒個(gè)決定-這些目標(biāo)才會(huì)帶來(lái)真的挑戰(zhàn)翻譯點(diǎn)撥】對(duì) 于the next stage of laborsaving utility的處理，如果直譯就是：如果機(jī)器人要達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的運(yùn)用的下一個(gè)階段在，這樣的表達(dá)不僅拗口而且難懂，就是典型的死譯，所以把定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀語(yǔ)16.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a halfreveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research,but also achanging definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.，【詞匯突破】reveal揭露constitutes 包含primacy重要性，首要地位【主干識(shí)別】A comparison reveals notbut主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】of British geological publications 定語(yǔ)修飾 comparison,over the lastcentury and a half 定語(yǔ)修飾 publications,an increasing emphasis on the primacy ofresearch 賓語(yǔ)，a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列賓語(yǔ)（微觀解析】an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research 其中 on the primacyof research 修飾 emphasis;research修 飾definition;w hat引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句作o f的賓語(yǔ)，what為賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)。

難點(diǎn)揭秘】出現(xiàn)并列的賓語(yǔ)并且在賓語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)又出現(xiàn)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，這樣就增加了句子的復(fù)雜性，并且在句中出現(xiàn)了好兒個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)名詞譯文賞析】將過(guò)去一個(gè)半世紀(jì)英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的出版物做一下比較，（我們）就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對(duì)科研的主導(dǎo)地位的強(qiáng)調(diào)不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化翻譯點(diǎn)撥】在這個(gè)句中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)名詞一個(gè)是comparison,還有一個(gè)為emphasis,其中還有一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞changing；在翻譯的處理上都翻譯為動(dòng)詞，并增加概說(shuō)的主語(yǔ)“我們”17.1 believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are thesame that underlie the globalization process:falling transportation andcommunication costs,lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets thatrequire enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands.【詞匯突破】M&A為mergers and acquisitions的縮寫表示合并和兼并的意思為經(jīng)濟(jì)術(shù)語(yǔ)。

underlie構(gòu)成的基礎(chǔ);導(dǎo)致發(fā)生例如：The socialproblems underlying these crises remain unsolved.（引起這些危機(jī)的社會(huì)問題尚未解決trade and investment barriers 貿(mào)易和投資壁壘globalization process全球化進(jìn)程（可以作為寫作詞匯使用）主干識(shí)別】I believe that+賓語(yǔ)從句（其他成分】the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same為賓語(yǔ)從句主干；that underlie the globalization process為定語(yǔ)從句；”:后為對(duì)forces的解釋；【微觀解析】三種力量的并列為falling transportation and communication costs,以及 lower trade and investment barriers 和 enlarged markets 后面接一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句that require enlarged operations 和后置定語(yǔ)形容詞短語(yǔ)：capable of meetingcustomers demands【難點(diǎn)揭秘】并列的三種力量，由于修飾語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng)和并列連詞較多使其解析較難；【譯文賞析】我認(rèn)為巨大的并購(gòu)浪潮背后的最重要的推動(dòng)力和促進(jìn)全球化進(jìn)程的力量是一樣的：即降低交通運(yùn)輸成本，逐漸減少貿(mào)易投資壁壘，以及為能滿足消費(fèi)者需求而大幅度拓展得市場(chǎng)。

18.I t is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactlywhere they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by thenecessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on themicroscope.【詞匯突破】auditors審計(jì)人員distract分散注意力 主干識(shí)別】I t is entirely reasonable to believe that+賓語(yǔ)從句.形式主語(yǔ)從句（其他成分】for auditors 狀語(yǔ)；scientists who know exactly where they are goingand how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping oneeye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.賓語(yǔ)從句。

微觀解析】scientists should not be distracted 賓語(yǔ)從句主干；who know exactlywhere they are going and how they will get there 定語(yǔ)從句修飾 scientist；wherethey are going and how they will get there 定語(yǔ)從句中 know 的賓語(yǔ)從句；by thenecessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on themicroscope.狀語(yǔ)；of keeping one eye on the cash register 修飾 the necessity 作定語(yǔ)while the other eye is on the microscope 狀語(yǔ)修飾 keeping o【難點(diǎn)揭秘】主語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)并列的賓語(yǔ)這樣隔離的障礙就更為顯著了譯文賞析】審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準(zhǔn)備做什么、怎么做的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因?yàn)楸仨氁恢谎鄱⒅浙y機(jī)，另一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散了注意力。

翻譯點(diǎn)撥】by短語(yǔ)在句子中是充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，翻譯為原因，where they are going andhow they will get there處理為知道做什么，知道怎么做，這樣的表達(dá)符合中文的習(xí)慣如果直接翻譯為：知道他們要去哪里和怎么去，就是對(duì)于字面含義的翻譯屬于死譯19.I nstead,we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles,which now more thanever seem in ample supply:the critic of American materialism with a Southamptonsummer home;the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-starrestaurants;the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life,whose own children are enrolled in private schools.【詞匯突破】hypocritical虛偽的；spectacles 景象ample充足的radical激進(jìn)的，根本的journalist記者，新聞工作者advocate 支持participatory democracy 參與制民主enrolled in注冊(cè)入學(xué)，入伍 主干識(shí)別】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)態(tài)（其他成分】which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定語(yǔ)從句修飾spectacles；“：”之后列出三種虛偽的景象的代表人物，舉例說(shuō)明。

微觀解析】定語(yǔ)從句還原為一個(gè)完整的句子：The spectacles now more than everseem in ample supply.其主干為：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now morethan ever 為狀語(yǔ)代表人物一 the critic of American materialism（美國(guó)物質(zhì)主義的批評(píng)者）with a Southampton summer home;（其擁有南安普頓的避暑山莊）；代表人物二 the publisher of radical books（激進(jìn)書刊的出版者）who takes hismeals in three-star restaurants,定語(yǔ)從句講他們卻在三星級(jí)酒店就餐（因?yàn)榧みM(jìn)主義者往往是最求生活極簡(jiǎn)的）；代表人物三the journalist advocatingparticipatory democracy in all phases of life（支持在人生的各個(gè)階段推崇參與制民主的記者）whose own children are enrolled in private schools 定語(yǔ)從句講他們自己的孩子卻在私立學(xué)校上學(xué)（私立學(xué)校的教育是精英制的，而參與制民主是需要和大眾貼近的）。

難點(diǎn)揭秘】冒號(hào)后并列的三個(gè)部分就是三個(gè)名詞后面接上比較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)修飾,這樣就造成了閱讀的困難；【譯文賞析】相反，我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景象，他們似乎比以前的任何時(shí)候都更多見：批判美國(guó)式物質(zhì)主義的人卻擁有位于南安普頓的避暑山莊：激進(jìn)書籍的出版商卻在三星級(jí)餐廳享用一日三餐；倡導(dǎo)在人生各個(gè)階段實(shí)施參與式民主的記者，他的子女卻就讀于私立學(xué)校翻譯點(diǎn)撥】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles如果直接翻譯那就是：我們被招待了很好的虛偽景象；這樣的說(shuō)法并不符合中文的習(xí)慣，中文是多主動(dòng)，英語(yǔ)多被動(dòng)，因此句子轉(zhuǎn)譯為：我們看到了這些非常虛偽的景象fine處理為非常2O.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain linedescribes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off whichthey both fall into the river-and then to find that the line consists of the noise oftheir falling and the weights of the officers,Pluff!Pluff!A hundred and eighty-fivekilograms.【詞匯突破】explanatory解釋性的upsetting 不安consists of 包含 主干識(shí)別】it is a little upsetting to read that+賓語(yǔ)從句 and then to find that+賓語(yǔ)從句；形式主語(yǔ)句，句子主語(yǔ)為to read and to find.在主語(yǔ)中帶有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式中的賓語(yǔ)從句；其他成分】in the explanatory notes 狀語(yǔ)；a certain line describes a fight betweena Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge 賓語(yǔ)從句主干；off which they both fallinto the river 起連接句子作用的定語(yǔ)從句；the line consists of the noise of theirfalling and the weights of the officers 賓語(yǔ)從句主干；Pluff!Pluff!A hundred andeighty-five kilograms.M Line 的同位語(yǔ)。

微觀解析off which they both fall into the river 還原為一個(gè)句子就是：they bothfall into the river off the bridge.【難點(diǎn)揭秘】主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)并列的成分識(shí)別并列主語(yǔ)是一大難點(diǎn)；【譯文賞析】但當(dāng)我們先是從解釋性注釋中得知某詩(shī)行講述了一個(gè)土耳其軍官和一個(gè)保加利亞軍官在橋上格斗并雙雙掉進(jìn)河里，而后又發(fā)現(xiàn)該行詩(shī)中只充斥著 撲通，撲通，185公斤重”這類對(duì)他們落水時(shí)的聲音以及對(duì)軍官們體重的描寫時(shí)，我們不免感到困惑不安翻譯點(diǎn)撥】先把兩個(gè)比較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)單獨(dú)譯成兩個(gè)句子，再翻譯剩下的部分，打破英語(yǔ)中的句子限定，單獨(dú)成句是很重要的翻譯技巧，簡(jiǎn)單講就是哪個(gè)部分太長(zhǎng)就盡量的單獨(dú)翻譯21.The examples of Virtual Vineyards,A,and other pioneers show that aWeb site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security will attract online customers.【詞匯突破】interactivity互動(dòng)性hospitality 友好性security安全性【主干識(shí)別】The examples show that+賓語(yǔ)從句；主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】of Virtual Vineyards,A,and other pioneers 作 example 的同位語(yǔ)；我們把其看作為：A o fB的結(jié)構(gòu)，A為上義詞，B為下義詞，這樣在翻譯的處理中我們不需要生硬的翻譯為.的例子;a Web site selling the rightkind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security willattract online customers.賓語(yǔ)從句【微觀解析 1 selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity,hospitality,and security現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)修飾a web site;賓語(yǔ)從句主干為：a Website will attract online customers.【難點(diǎn)揭秘】由于出現(xiàn)并列使得主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間出現(xiàn)了較長(zhǎng)的修飾，產(chǎn)生隔離，在賓語(yǔ)從句的后置定語(yǔ)中也出現(xiàn)并列產(chǎn)生隔離，這樣了產(chǎn)生了隔離。

譯文賞析】像Virtual Vineyards,A這樣的先驅(qū)網(wǎng)站表明，一個(gè)將交互性、服務(wù)性和安全性合理結(jié)合，且銷售正確產(chǎn)品的網(wǎng)站是可以吸引來(lái)網(wǎng)上客戶的翻譯點(diǎn)撥】賓語(yǔ)從句單獨(dú)成句；在翻譯example of.的時(shí)候翻譯為“像”復(fù)習(xí)第二句：2.I t is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numericalpatterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets andphilosophers.詞匯突破：visualize想象Figure o u t發(fā)現(xiàn)和找出Suits使適合主干識(shí)別：句子主語(yǔ)是由how引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，it是句子的形式主語(yǔ)；句子主干為：How is not obvious.在主語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是capacity,謂語(yǔ)是suits賓語(yǔ)是one;其他成分：狀語(yǔ)為tanswer主語(yǔ)后加上兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式做后置定語(yǔ)；動(dòng)詞不定式中的賓語(yǔ)questions后面接一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。

難點(diǎn)揭秘：這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，其中難點(diǎn)為需要識(shí)別出主語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞suits.譯文賞析：構(gòu)思物體和找出數(shù)字模型的能力是如何讓一個(gè)人去回答那些連最好的詩(shī)人和哲學(xué)家都回避的問題的，這點(diǎn)我們還不是很清楚22.They gather all the data they can,not just performance statistics and biographicaldetails but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.【詞匯突破】statistics數(shù)據(jù)寫作過(guò)程中可以使用固定詞組：statistics and detailsachievers獲得成功的人 主干識(shí)別They gather all the data.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)其他成分】they can 的完整表達(dá)為：that they can gather;出于簡(jiǎn)潔的考慮省掉了 that 和 gather；not just performance statistics and biographical details but also theresults of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers 整個(gè)部分是 data 的同位語(yǔ)。

微觀解析】同位語(yǔ)中第一部分是 performance statistics and biographical details；第二個(gè)部分為 the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers,其中 with high achievers 為定語(yǔ)修飾 experiments.【難點(diǎn)揭秘】同位語(yǔ)部分出現(xiàn)并列現(xiàn)象造成比較冗長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)生閱讀難點(diǎn)譯文賞析】他們盡其所能收集了一切數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)不僅包括表現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)和生物信息，而且也包括了那些取得了表現(xiàn)優(yōu)異者在實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)中的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果23.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months stockholders meeting,Levin asserted that music is not the cause of societys ills and even cited his son,ateacher in the Bronx,New York,who uses rap to communicate with students.【詞匯突破】verse歌詞，詩(shī)句stockholder 股東assert聲稱，認(rèn)為，宣稱social ill社會(huì)問題 主干識(shí)別】Levin asserted that+賓語(yǔ)從句and even cited his son.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】During the discussion。